MySQL 5.7 문서를 기반으로 작성했다.

  • tldr; 음수값이 없고 더 큰 범위의 정수 타입의 데이터를 사용할 경우 UNSIGNED 를 이용하자

meaning

All integer types can have an optional (nonstandard) UNSIGNED attribute. An unsigned type can be used to permit only nonnegative numbers in a column or when you need a larger upper numeric range for the column. For example, if an INT column is UNSIGNED, the size of the column's range is the same but its endpoints shift up, from -2147483648 and 2147483647 to 0 and 4294967295.

Floating-point and fixed-point types also can be UNSIGNED. As with integer types, this attribute prevents negative values from being stored in the column. Unlike the integer types, the upper range of column values remains the same.

reference